1. Butsa imininingwane
Konkhe lokunye kulandzela kulokhu. Kutfole ku-nameplate ye-motor, emshinini nakulosebentisa umshini.
| Lokudzingekako | Kungani kubalulekile |
|---|---|
| Emandla e-motor (kW) nelijubane (rpm) | Sebentisa i-nameplate. Yakha ngemandla e-motor, hhayi ngemtfwalo "lovamile", ngaphandle uma i-drive yakhelwe umtfwalo lolinganisiwe. |
| Umshini loshayelwako nelijubane lelidzingekako | Kubeka i-ratio ne-service factor. |
| Ema-awa ngelilanga | Ema-awa lamanyenti → i-service factor lenkhulu. |
| Indlela yekucala | Ema-motor e-DOL ane-torque lenkhulu nema-engine ashaya ema-belt nangabe acala. |
| Imikhawulo yendzawo: Ø lenkhulu ye-pulley, centre distance, bubanti be-pulley | Ema-guard, ema-frame nebudze bema-shaft kukhawulela lokungena. |
| Ema-diameter ema-shaft nema-keyway | Kuma-bore ema-pulley nobe kuma-taper bush. |
| Simo lesisendzaweni | Kushisa, emafutsa, lutfuli, emanti, kugezwa (ema-packhouse), lilanga ngaphandle (i-ozone), tindzawo letinemandla e-static (ema-belt e-anti-static). |
2. Service factor
I-service factor yenyusa i-design power kute imboze kushaywa, i-torque yekucala nema-awa lamanyenti ekusebenta. Tinombolo letivamile temkhakha:
- Kucala lokuvamile: ema-AC motor lacalwa nge-star-delta, soft starter nobe i-VSD; ema-DOL motor ane-torque levamile; ema-hydraulic coupling.
- Kucala lokunzima: ema-DOL motor ane-torque lenkhulu, ema-single-phase motor, ema-slip-ring motor nema-resistance start, ema-engine, kucala nekuma kanyenti.
- Engeta cishe 0.1 kuma-idler ecaleni lelikhululekile, cishe 0.2 kuma-idler ecaleni lelicinile nobe ngekhatsi, kanye nakuma-drive lenyusa lijubane (i-ratio lengetulu kwa-1:1.25). Sebentisa lithebula lalowenta kutinombolo tekugcina.
3. Design power
4. Khetsa i-sekhishini ye-belt
Ema-chart ekukhetsa emasekhishini akhombisa i-design power uma icatsaniswa nelijubane le-pulley lencane (lesheshako). Ngoba emandla = torque × lijubane, i-chart ikhetsa ngempela nge-torque ku-pulley lencane:
| Design torque lekhombisako (Nm) | Narrow wedge | Classical |
|---|---|---|
| kuze kube ≈ 10 | SPZ | Z |
| ≈ 10 – 70 | SPZ | A |
| ≈ 30 – 230 | SPA | A / B |
| ≈ 120 – 750 | SPB | B / C |
| ngetulu kwa-≈ 500 | SPC | C / D / E |
Emabanga ayangena ngamabomu: seduze nemkhawulo, zama emasekhishini omabili bese ucatsanisa linani lema-belt nebubanti bema-pulley.
5. Bukhulu bema-pulley
- Khetsa i-pulley lencane. Ungaze wehle ngaphansi kwalokuncane kwe-sekhishini (buka emasekhishini). Lenkhulu incono ngekhatsi kwemikhawulo yendzawo nelijubane: i-belt igoba kancane, emandla nge-belt ngayinye ayenyuka, kucina nemtfwalo we-shaft kuyehla.
- I-pulley lenkhulu = lencane × i-ratio, ilungiswe nge-slip ya-1–2 %, iphindze yenyuswe iye ku-diameter ye-standard.
- Hlola lijubane le-belt: kuhle cishe 10 kuya ku-30 m/s; lokukhulu cishe 30 m/s kuma-classical na-40 m/s kuma-wedge, na-30 m/s lijubane le-rim kuma-pulley e-grey cast iron.
6. Centre distance nebudze be-belt
I-centre distance lenhle yekucala:
Bala budze be-belt, khetsa budze be-standard leseduze, bese uphindze ubala i-centre distance yangempela:
Yakha i-base ye-motor ngekulungiseka: cishe 2 % webudze be-belt kungena kute ufake ema-belt ngaphandle kwekuwaphoca, kanye na-cishe 3 % kuphuma kute ucinise njengoba ahlala (i-centre distance ihamba cishe ngesigamu sekushintja kwebudze).
7. Arc of contact
I-belt ibamba i-pulley lencane ku-arc of contact θ. Ngaphansi kwa-180° emandla e-belt ngayinye ayehla, lokubalwa yi-correction factor Kα.
| (D − d)/C | 0 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| θ (°) | 180 | 169 | 157 | 145 | 133 | 120 | 106 | 91 |
| Kα | 1.00 | 0.97 | 0.94 | 0.91 | 0.87 | 0.82 | 0.77 | 0.70 |
Ngaphansi kwa-120° cabanga nge-centre distance lendze, i-ratio lencane, nobe lenye i-drive.
8. Emandla e-belt ngayinye
Emandla e-belt yinye ancike ku-sekhishini, ku-diameter ye-pulley lencane, kulijubane, ku-ratio nakutsi yakhiwe njani (wrapped nobe cogged). Avela emathebuleni emandla alowenta, lahlukile ngeluhlobo ngalunye lwema-belt. Lena kuphela inyatselo lengeke yentiwe ngekwetsembeka ngema-formula lavamile, ngako-ke emathulusi etfu ekubala ayayicela. Sitfumelele imininingwane ye-drive sitakunika linani lelivela emathebuleni alowenta.
Emandla abese alungiswa ngebudze be-belt nge-factor KL (ema-belt lamadze agoba kancane ngemzuzu futsi aphila sikhatsi lesidze: KL ngetulu kwa-1; lamafisha ngaphansi kwa-1).
9. Linani lema-belt
Nangabe imphendvulo ingetulu kancane kwenombolo lephelele (sib. 3.04), i-pulley lencane lenkhudlwana kancane ivame kuyehlisela ku-3. Ema-belt langetulu kwa-8 kuya ku-10 akhombisa kutsi kudzingeka i-sekhishini lenkhulu.
10. Kucina nemtfwalo we-shaft
I-belt ngayinye idzinga kucina lokwenele kute idlulise incenye yayo yemandla ngaphandle kwe-slip, kanye nalokwengetiwe kwe-centrifugal force ngelijubane:
Emsebentini uhlola kucina nge-force-deflection method (buka kufaka). Umtfwalo we-drive kuma-shaft nakuma-bearing ucishe ube:
Hlola kutsi ema-bearing nema-shaft e-motor newemshini akhona kutfwala lomtfwalo endzaweni ye-pulley.
Imitsetfo lesheshako
- Gcina i-ratio esiteji ngasinye ingengci 1:6 (1:7 lokukhulu).
- I-pulley lencane ibe nkhulu ngalokusetjentiswa yindzawo nelijubane le-belt.
- Faka ema-pulley seduze kakhulu nema-bearing.
- Kuma-drive la-horizontal, kuncono licala lelicinile libe phansi (licala lelikhululekile phetulu lenyusa i-arc of contact).
- Ema-drive ema-shaft lamile nema-drive lanelicala lelikhululekile phansi angadzinga ema-banded belt nobe i-idler.
- Ema-idler: ecaleni lelikhululekile, seduze kakhulu ne-pulley lenkhulu, lenkhulu njenge-pulley lencane nobe ngetulu. I-idler yangekhatsi yehlisa i-arc of contact; i-idler yangemuva igoba i-belt ngalokuphambene futsi yenciphisa kuphila kwayo.
- Cela ema-set lafananako kuma-drive lanema-belt lamanyenti, futsi ushintje yonkhe i-set kanyekanye.
- Faka ema-guard kusukela ekucaleni (Driven Machinery Regulations, 2015, eNingizimu Afrika).
Sibonelo
Umsebenti: i-motor ya-15 kW, 1 460 rpm, ye-4-pole lecalwa nge-star-delta ishayela i-belt conveyor (umtfwalo longalingani) nga-730 rpm, ema-awa la-14 ngelilanga. Indzawo yenele.
- Service factor: umsebenti lophakatsi, 10–16 h, kucala lokuvamile → 1.2.
- Design power: 15 × 1.2 = 18 kW.
- Design torque ku-pulley ye-motor: 9 550 × 18 / 1 460 = 118 Nm → sekhishini lekhombisako SPA (SPB nayo ingaba khona).
- Ema-pulley: lokuncane kwe-SPA ≈ 90 mm; khetsa 118 mm. I-ratio 2:1 nge-slip ya-1 % → 233.6 mm → standard 236 mm. Lijubane lalokushayelwako: 1 460 × 118 / 236 × 0.99 = 723 rpm.
- Lijubane le-belt: π × 118 × 1 460 / 60 000 = 9.0 m/s: kulungile, kodvwa kuphansi; ema-pulley lamakhulu angatfwala lokunyenti nge-belt.
- Centre distance: cala nga-max(236, (236 + 3×118)/2) = 295 mm → L = 1 157 mm → standard SPA 1180 → C yangempela = 306 mm.
- Arc: θ = 180 − 2·asin(118/612) = 157.8°, Kα = 0.945.
- Emandla: asesitsi lithebula lalowenta liniketa 4.5 kW nge-belt ye-SPA nga-118 mm na-1 460 rpm, KL = 1.0.
- Ema-belt: 18 / (4.5 × 0.945 × 1.0) = 4.23 → ema-belt la-5. Phindze nge-pulley ye-motor ya-140 mm ne-pulley leshayelwako ya-280 mm: lijubane le-belt lenyuka liye ku-10.7 m/s, emandla nge-belt ngayinye ayenyuka, nelinani livamise kwehla. Leli ngulolu kuvumelana lekufanele ulibuke.
- Kucina: T = 500 × (2.5 − 0.945)/0.945 × 18/(5 × 9.0) + 0.12 × 9.0² ≈ 338 N nge-belt; i-deflection ya-1/64 ye-span nga-≈ 21 N nge-belt (≈ 27 N kuma-belt lamasha). Umtfwalo we-shaft ≈ 2 × 5 × 338 × sin(78.9°) ≈ 3.3 kN.
Nangabe ema-belt angafaneli
- Lijubane lelincane kakhulu ne-torque lenkhulu kakhulu (ngaphansi kwa-5 m/s ema-belt adzinga kucina lokukhulu kakhulu): cabanga nge-chain nobe i-gearbox.
- Kubeka lokuchanekile ngaphandle kwe-backlash: i-timing belt ingasebenta; ngaphandle kwaloko ema-gear nobe i-direct drive.
- Tindzawo letinengoti yekuchuma: ema-belt kufanele abe ngema-anti-static futsi kufakwa kufanele kulandzele imitsetfo yetindzawo letinengoti.
- Kushisa lokungetulu kwalokubeketelelwa yi-belt, nobe emafutsa lamanyenti langeke avikelwe.
Awuciniseki? Cela kuhlolwa kwe-drive mahhala.