1. Kgoboketša tshedimošo
Tše dingwe ka moka di latela se. Di hwetše go nameplate ya motoro, motšheneng le go modiriši wa motšhene.
| Seo se nyakegago | Ke ka lebaka la eng se le bohlokwa |
|---|---|
| Maatla a motoro (kW) le lebelo (rpm) | Diriša nameplate. Dira ka maatla a motoro, e sego ka morwalo wo "o tlwaelegilego", ntle le ge drive e diretšwe morwalo wo o elwago. |
| Motšhene wo o šomišwago le lebelo le le nyakegago | Go bea ratio le service factor. |
| Diiri ka letšatši | Diiri tše ntši → service factor ye kgolo. |
| Mokgwa wa go thoma | Di-motor tša DOL tša torque ye kgolo le dienjene di betha dibelt ge di thoma. |
| Mellwane ya sekgoba: Ø ye kgolo ya pulley, centre distance, bophara bja pulley | Di-guard, di-frame le botelele bja di-shaft di lekanyetša seo se tsenago. |
| Di-diameter tša di-shaft le di-keyway | Go di-bore tša dipulley goba go di-taper bush. |
| Tikologo | Phišo, oli, lerole, meetse, go hlatswiwa (di-packhouse), letšatši ka ntle (ozone), mafelo a static (dibelt tša anti-static). |
2. Service factor
Service factor e oketša design power go akaretša go betwa, torque ya go thoma le diiri tše ntši tša go šoma. Dipalo tše di tlwaelegilego tša intasteri:
- Go thoma mo go tlwaelegilego: di-AC motor tše di thomago ka star-delta, soft starter goba VSD; di-DOL motor tša torque ye e tlwaelegilego; di-hydraulic coupling.
- Go thoma mo go boima: di-DOL motor tša torque ye kgolo, di-single-phase motor, di-slip-ring motor tša resistance start, dienjene, go thoma le go ema kgafetšakgafetša.
- Oketša go ka ba 0.1 go di-idler lehlakoreng le le hlephilego, go ka ba 0.2 go di-idler lehlakoreng le le tiilego goba ka gare, le go di-drive tše di oketšago lebelo (ratio ya godimo ga 1:1.25). Diriša tafola ya modiri go dipalo tša mafelelo.
3. Design power
4. Kgetha sekšene ya belt
Di-chart tša go kgetha disekšene di bontšha design power go bapetšwa le lebelo la pulley ye nnyane (ye e sepelago ka pela). Ka gobane maatla = torque × lebelo, chart ge e le gabotse e kgetha ka torque go pulley ye nnyane:
| Design torque ye e šupago (Nm) | Narrow wedge | Classical |
|---|---|---|
| go fihla ≈ 10 | SPZ | Z |
| ≈ 10 – 70 | SPZ | A |
| ≈ 30 – 230 | SPA | A / B |
| ≈ 120 – 750 | SPB | B / C |
| godimo ga ≈ 500 | SPC | C / D / E |
Mellwane e tsena ka boomo: kgauswi le mollwane, leka disekšene ka bobedi gomme o bapetše palo ya dibelt le bophara bja dipulley.
5. Bogolo bja dipulley
- Kgetha pulley ye nnyane. Le ka mohla o se ye ka fase ga bonnyane bja sekšene (bona disekšene). Ye kgolo e kaone ka gare ga mellwane ya sekgoba le lebelo: belt e kobega ganyane, maatla ka belt a a oketšega, go tiiša le morwalo wa shaft di a theoga.
- Pulley ye kgolo = ye nnyane × ratio, e lokišwa ka slip ya 1–2 %, e be e dirwa diameter ya standard.
- Lekola lebelo la belt: kaone go ka ba 10 go ya go 30 m/s; godimo kudu go ka ba 30 m/s go di-classical le 40 m/s go di-wedge, le 30 m/s lebelo la rim go dipulley tša grey cast iron.
6. Centre distance le botelele bja belt
Centre distance ye botse ya go thoma:
Bala botelele bja belt, kgetha botelele bja standard bja kgauswi, gomme o bale gape centre distance ya nnete:
Dira base ya motoro ka go fetogafetoga: go ka ba 2 % ya botelele bja belt go tsena go tsenya dibelt ntle le go di gapeletša, le go ka ba 3 % go tšwa go tiiša ge di dula (centre distance e sepela go ka ba seripa sa phetogo ya botelele).
7. Arc of contact
Belt e swara pulley ye nnyane go arc of contact θ. Ka fase ga 180° maatla ka belt a a theoga, se se balwago ke correction factor Kα.
| (D − d)/C | 0 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| θ (°) | 180 | 169 | 157 | 145 | 133 | 120 | 106 | 91 |
| Kα | 1.00 | 0.97 | 0.94 | 0.91 | 0.87 | 0.82 | 0.77 | 0.70 |
Ka fase ga 120° nagana ka centre distance ye telele, ratio ye nnyane, goba drive ye nngwe.
8. Maatla a belt ye nngwe le ye nngwe
Maatla a belt e tee a ithekgile ka sekšene, diameter ya pulley ye nnyane, lebelo, ratio le gore e agilwe bjang (wrapped goba cogged). A tšwa go ditafola tša maatla tša modiri, tše di fapanago ka mehuta ya dibelt. Ye ke kgato e tee feela ye e ka se dirwego ka botshepegi ka di-formula tša kakaretšo, ka gona didirišwa tša rena tša go bala di a e kgopela. Re romele dintlha tša drive gomme re tla go fa palo go tšwa ditafoleng tša modiri.
Maatla a be a lokišwa ka botelele bja belt ka factor KL (dibelt tše telele di kobega gannyane ka motsotso gomme di phela nako ye telele: KL godimo ga 1; tše kopana ka fase ga 1).
9. Palo ya dibelt
Ge karabo e le godimo gannyane ga palo ye e feletšego (mohl. 3.04), pulley ye nnyane ye kgolwanyana gantši e e theošetša go 3. Dibelt tša go feta 8 go ya go 10 di šupa gore go nyakega sekšene ye kgolo.
10. Go tiiša le morwalo wa shaft
Belt ye nngwe le ye nngwe e nyaka go tiišwa mo go lekanego go fetiša karolo ya yona ya maatla ntle le slip, gotee le tlaleletšo ya centrifugal force ka lebelo:
Mošomong o lekola go tiiša ka force-deflection method (bona go tsenya). Morwalo wa drive go di-shaft le di-bearing o ka ba:
Lekola gore di-bearing le di-shaft tša motoro le motšhene di kgona go rwala morwalo wo lefelong la pulley.
Melao ya ka pela
- Boloka ratio kgatong ye nngwe le ye nngwe e sa fete 1:6 (1:7 bogolo).
- Pulley ye nnyane e be ye kgolo ka mo sekgoba le lebelo la belt di dumelelago.
- Tsenya dipulley kgauswi kudu le di-bearing.
- Go di-drive tša horizontal, go kaone lehlakore le le tiilego le be fase (lehlakore le le hlephilego godimo le oketša arc of contact).
- Di-drive tša di-shaft tše di emego le di-drive tše di nago le lehlakore le le hlephilego fase di ka nyaka di-banded belt goba idler.
- Di-idler: lehlakoreng le le hlephilego, kgauswi kudu le pulley ye kgolo, ye kgolo bjalo ka pulley ye nnyane goba go feta. Idler ya ka gare e fokotša arc of contact; idler ya ka morago e kobela belt ka go fapana gomme e fokotša bophelo bja yona.
- Kgopela disete tše di swanago go di-drive tša dibelt tše ntši, gomme o fetoše sete ka moka gatee.
- Tsenya di-guard go tloga mathomong (Driven Machinery Regulations, 2015, Afrika Borwa).
Mohlala
Mošomo: motoro wa 15 kW, 1 460 rpm, wa 4-pole wo o thomago ka star-delta o otlela belt conveyor (morwalo wo o sa lekanago) ka 730 rpm, diiri tše 14 ka letšatši. Sekgoba se lekane.
- Service factor: mošomo wa magareng, 10–16 h, go thoma mo go tlwaelegilego → 1.2.
- Design power: 15 × 1.2 = 18 kW.
- Design torque go pulley ya motoro: 9 550 × 18 / 1 460 = 118 Nm → sekšene ye e šupago SPA (SPB le yona e ka kgonega).
- Dipulley: bonnyane bja SPA ≈ 90 mm; kgetha 118 mm. Ratio 2:1 ka slip ya 1 % → 233.6 mm → standard 236 mm. Lebelo la motšhene: 1 460 × 118 / 236 × 0.99 = 723 rpm.
- Lebelo la belt: π × 118 × 1 460 / 60 000 = 9.0 m/s: go lokile, eupša go fase; dipulley tše kgolo di ka rwala go feta ka belt.
- Centre distance: thoma ka max(236, (236 + 3×118)/2) = 295 mm → L = 1 157 mm → standard SPA 1180 → C ya nnete = 306 mm.
- Arc: θ = 180 − 2·asin(118/612) = 157.8°, Kα = 0.945.
- Maatla: a re re tafola ya modiri e fa 4.5 kW ka belt ya SPA ka 118 mm le 1 460 rpm, KL = 1.0.
- Dibelt: 18 / (4.5 × 0.945 × 1.0) = 4.23 → dibelt tše 5. Boeletša ka pulley ya motoro ya 140 mm le pulley ya motšhene ya 280 mm: lebelo la belt le hlatlogela go 10.7 m/s, maatla ka belt a a oketšega, gomme palo gantši e a theoga. Ke yona tekanyo ye o swanetšego go e lebelela.
- Go tiiša: T = 500 × (2.5 − 0.945)/0.945 × 18/(5 × 9.0) + 0.12 × 9.0² ≈ 338 N ka belt; deflection ya 1/64 ya span ka ≈ 21 N ka belt (≈ 27 N go dibelt tše mpsha). Morwalo wa shaft ≈ 2 × 5 × 338 × sin(78.9°) ≈ 3.3 kN.
Dira ya gago go modiri wa drive
Ge dibelt di sa swanele
- Lebelo la fase kudu le torque ye kgolo kudu (ka fase ga 5 m/s dibelt di nyaka go tiišwa kudu): nagana ka chain goba gearbox.
- Go bea mo go nepagetšego ntle le backlash: timing belt e ka šoma; go sego bjalo di-gear goba direct drive.
- Mafelo a kotsi ya go thuthupa: dibelt di swanetše go ba tša anti-static gomme go tsenya go swanetše go latela melao ya mafelo a kotsi.
- Phišo ye e fetago yeo belt e e kgotlelelago, goba oli ye ntši yeo e ka se šireletšwego.
Ga o kgonthišiše? Kgopela tekolo ya drive mahala.